Article summary

Topic

  • Diagnosing liver problems

One of the primary diagnostic methods indicating the condition of the liver are blood liver tests, commonly referred to as a "liver panel". It consists of tests of specific enzymes related to the functioning of the organ and bilirubin (the main pigment of bile). Liver tests can detect chronic diseases of this organ (e.g. inflammation caused by the B or C virus, steatosis caused by alcohol abuse, or drug-induced injury).

What are AspAT and ALAT?

The two main liver enzymes are:2

  • alanine aminotransferase (ALAT, ALT),
  • aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT, AST). 

Both play an important role in the body as they participate in protein transformation processes. Liver function tests include an assessment of activity of these enzymes, which are found in hepatocytes, i.e. liver cells. In the case of even a mild injury to the liver, regardless of its cause, these enzymes are released into the bloodstream. The greater liver injury, the higher their level in the tested blood.2

What can elevated or decreased levels of AspAT and AlAT mean?

The elevated level of transaminases (AspAT and AlAT) indicates an injury to liver cells.1

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When should liver function tests be performed?

The performance of liver function tests should be considered especially when certain medicines are taken or when jaundice, ascites or other symptoms that suggest a chronic liver disease are present:1,5

Bloating

Pain in the right subcostal region

Upper abdominal discomfort, sensation of pressure, fullness, distension.

Chronic fatigue, feeling of lack of energy, exhaustion.

Sleep disturbances – drowsiness, difficulties falling asleep.

How to prepare to the test?

No special preparation to the test, such as being in a fasting state, are required.1

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